Arachnology and toxinology have increasingly illuminated the structural, biochemical and evolutionary diversity of venom ...

The immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria encompasses a complex interplay between innate and adaptive systems, tailored to each stage of the parasite’s life cycle. During the ...

A review of literature regarding trained immunity (TI) differentiates two distinct stages of metabolic immune regulation, with primary metabolic changes influencing early epigenetic adaptations that ...

A team has identified a previously unknown phase of the immune response. The results challenge long-standing assumptions about the process called 'T-cell priming'. These new insights have significant ...

Patients with COVID-19 can show several different antiviral immune response patterns, which may influence how the disease ...